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J. Patrick Boyer, Q.C. (born March 4, 1945) is a university professor, journalist, author, policy activist, publisher, and a former Progressive Conservative Member of Parliament (1984–1993).〔Boyer, J. Patrick, (''A Passion for Justice: The Legacy of James Chalmers Mcruer'' ) November 1994, University of Toronto Press, ISBN 978-0-8020-0656-1〕〔(Boyer, J. Patrick ) Parliament of Canada〕 Before entering politics, Boyer was a partner in the Fraser & Beatty law firm in Toronto, where he specialized in communications law and electoral law. A major part of his practice was also in the Western Arctic as a member of the Northwest Territories Bar. When granted his Queen's Council designation, note was made of Boyer's contribution to the legal profession in authoring the definitive series of texts on Canadian election law at federal, provincial, territorial, and municipal levels. Boyer earned a Master's degree in Canadian history and a Doctor of Laws (LLD) degree, both from the University of Toronto and gained an honours degree in economics and political science from Carleton University. He also studied French-Canadian literature at University of Montreal, and international law at the Academy of the International Court of Justice in The Hague. ==Career== Politics. From his earliest years, Patrick Boyer hoped to be a member of parliament, influenced no doubt by the dynamic atmosphere of politics he experienced after his father Robert Boyer became a member of Ontario's legislature in 1955 when Patrick was ten. As a university student in Ottawa during the 1960s Patrick worked on Parliament Hill for Quebec MP Heward Grafftey, then for Opposition Leader Robert Stanfield, and in the early 1970s at Queen's Park as Ontario Attorney General Arthur Wishart's executive assistant. In 1983, Boyer was named executive director of the federal government's Task Force on Conflict of Interest by Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau, and worked closely with co-chairs Mitchel Sharp and Michael Starr writing its groundbreaking 1984 report ''Ethical Conduct in the Public Sector.'' Boyer was first elected to Parliament in 1984, representing Toronto's Etobicoke—Lakeshore riding as a Progressive Conservative supporting the government of Brian Mulroney. As an MP, he chaired three separate committees -- on election law reform, equality rights, and the status of disabled persons. In 1989, Boyer was appointed parliamentary secretary to External Affairs Minister Joe Clark, and in 1991 became parliamentary secretary to Minister of National Defence Marcel Masse. While the Mulroney Government negotiated major constitutional changes, Boyer, a strong advocate of enhanced democracy and the role of citizens in self-government, said "Constitutions belong to the people, not to governments" and campaigned for a referendum to ratify proposed changes. He repeatedly introduced, as a private member, referendum legislation in the Commons. It was significantly due to Boyer's efforts that the Charlottetown Accord of 1992 was submitted to a public referendum. In 1993 he was named Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Industry, Science and Technology, to the Deputy Prime Minister, and to the Minister of Consumer and Corporate Affairs. That same year, Boyer ran for the leadership of the Progressive Conservatives following the announcement of Mulroney's retirement. His leadership campaign was fought largely around the issue of strengthening Canadian public life through more vigorous democratic processes. He sought to re-orient the Progressive Conservative Party as the Democratic Conservative Party, and published his policies in an English-language book entitled ''Hands-On Democracy'' and a French-language book ''La democratie pour tous.'' The leadership was won by Kim Campbell, who led the party to its historic 1993 defeat. Only two Tory MPs retained their seats in that election, and Boyer, although coming second closest of all PCs in Ontario, was not one of them. In 2001, he unsuccessfully sought the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario provincial nomination in the riding of Parry Sound—Muskoka for a by-election to replace retiring MPP Ernie Eves. In March 2007, Boyer was again nominated as the Conservative Party of Canada candidate for the riding of Etobicoke—Lakeshore. He ran in the 2008 federal election but lost to Michael Ignatieff by 5,783 votes. During the Ontario electoral reform referendum, 2007 Patrick Boyer was a leading member, along with Senators Hugh Segal and Nancy Ruth, Hon. Janet Ecker, and Rick Anderson, of Conservatives for the proposed reform of Ontario's electoral system from "first-past-the-post" to "mixed-member proportional." Academics. Following his departure from politics, Boyer began teaching a new course at the University of Toronto, offered in both the Faculty of Law and the Department of Political Science, “The Law of Canadian Democracy.” In 1999 and 2000 he taught two courses in Canadian Constitutional Law at Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario. He was made a faculty member of the Department of Political Science at the University of Guelph, Ontario, where he taught courses on politics, accountability, democracy, and ethics. He became executive director of the university's new Centre for Leadership Studies. He also taught modern Ontario history at York University. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Patrick Boyer」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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